Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy.



No. 647,009. Patented Apr. l0, I900.

a. mmcom. APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WIRELESS TELEGRAP HY (Application filed Dec. 26, 1899.)

(No Model.) r 27Sheets-Sheet I.

No. 647,009. Patented Apr. l0, I000.

, G. MARCONI.

APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

(Applicatiofi filed Dec. 26, 1399.

(No Model.) 2SheetsSheet 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUGLIELMO MARCONI, OF. LON DON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE WIRELESS- TELEGRAPH AND SIGNAL COMPANY, LIMITED, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS EMPLOYED lN WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

srncrrrce'non forming part of ram" Patent No. 647,009, dated April 10, 1900.

Original application filed J' 1110.13, 1899, Serial l lo. 120,866. Divided and this application filed December 26,1899. Serial No. 751,614. (110 model.)

Toall ,whom it may concern:

Be itknown'that I, GUGLIELM MARCONI, electrician, a subject of the King of Italy, residing'at 28 ,Mark Lane, in the city of London,

England, have inveuted'certain new and use-- ful Apparatus Employed in Wireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification. This invention relates to improvements in the apparatus described in United States Lotto ters Patent No. 627,650, grantedto me June 27, 1899. In that specification I described connectingthe aerial oouductor to a. capacity which maybe the earth through the primary of an induction-coil, the ends of the imperx 5 feet contactor sensitive tube being connected to the ends of the soon ndary. In place of winding both the primary and secondary in single layers, as claimed in that specification, the coils are now either madevery short (not so much exceeding two centimeters in length) or else are wound in sections. The number-of turns in the successive layers of the secondary should diminish as the distance from the center increases, but this, although preferable, is not essential. It is also found desirableto connect direct to the sensitive tube or imperfect contact (n ot th roughthe condenser) the end of the secondary'which is farthest away from the nucleus or axial line of thecoil.

Figure l is a diagram ot the arrangement described in the former specification modifiedin accordance with the present invention, and Figs. 2 to 4 show modified forms of the ind action-coil.

In Fig. 1, a. is theaerial conductor; 11,22. 10- cal battery; 0, a condenser; e, a connection to earth'orothe'r suitable capacity; j, a sen sitive tube or imperfect contact. k are choking-coil s, and 'r a relay working a signaling or other instrument. The diagrams of the 40 coils are greatly-enlarged half-longitudinal sections, but are not, strictly "to scale. In place alsoof showing the section of each coil or layer of wire as a longitudinal row of dots or small circles, as it would actually appear,

coils which have been successfully used:

=1 5.5 Diameter of q v3 W l fiifig m Number of turns in windings. E E m: e) timeters. a 8 E a g in; 2:82 P Gecond Pi S d 2 riv recon i a 5 mary aw. man. my. Primary I 33 Fig.1 .935 01 .01 Mayer-sot ldoturnseach, in parallel. Ssectlons of 10, 1&310 layers, with 2.5

45 40 45 40 89 40 86 87 86 80 26 88 25 20 29 B0 s 25 15 I2 21 17 5 15 14 5 e turns.

Fig.2 .937 m2 012 "do 4sectlons o9layerseach,wlth v 4.0

turml.

= 6.5 Diameter of c: v3 5 wires, lnceni-$13? Number of turns in windings. "1% g mg tlmeters. 2 o '3 3,5 P11 Second- Pri- Second- Pm Second, g. mary. cry. mnry. nry.. 38

Fig 3 .031 01i .011 4,8 01 do ssecuons of 1b n ggrs each, with 0 ti 2 2 turns.

g- 75 1 .015 Blayers of 110 each, in parallel 12 lsyersof m 1- so 75 (til 50 45 40 38 a) 15 10 5 turns.

The coils are wound in the following manner:

In Fig. 1, G is a glass tube, and on it is wound the primary in two layers, there being one hundred and sixty turns in each layer. The ends of these two coils or layers are connected in parallel, one to the aerial conductor and the other to earth. On the outer coil of the primary is wound the first or innercoil of the secondary, which is continuous and has one hundred and fifty turns. The left-hand end of the wire forming this layer is then wound or coiled upon it to form the second layer of the left-hand section of the secondary, forty-five turns being given. On this comes the third layer with forty turns, and the other layers with thirty-five, thirty, twenty-five, twenty, fifteen, twelve, and five turns, respectively, follow. After winding the outer layer (that with five turns) of the left-hand section'of the secondary the wire is led down and coiled on the middle of the first or inner layer of the secondary, so as to form the middle section of the secondary, forty turns being given, and then follow layers with thirty-nine, thirty-seven, thirty-five, thirty three, twenty nine, twenty five,

, twen ty-one, fifteen, ten, and five turns, respectively, the wire from the outer layer (that with five turns) being connected to the left-' hand side of the condenser c and the lefthand choking-coil k. The right-hand end of the wire forming the inner layer of the secondary is wound on the right-hand end of that layer, forty-five turns being given, and then follow layers with forty, thirty-five, thirty, twenty-five, twenty, fifteen, seventeen, and fourteen turns, respectively, so forming the right-hand section of the secondary, the wire from the outer-layer (that with fourteen turns) being connected directly to the left-hand end of the sensitive tubej.

In Fig. 2, G is a glass tube, and on it is wound the primary in two layers, there being one hundred and sixty turns in each layer. The ends of these two coils or layers are connected in parallel, one to the aerial conductor and the other to earth. On the outer coil of the primary i's'wound thefirst 0i inner coil of the secondary, which is in three sections, the middle one having eighty turns. The other layers of the secondary are in four sections, the two middle ones being formed by windingthe two ends of the wire forming the middle of the inner layer upon that layer, thirty-five turns being given in each case, and upon the second layers so formed follow layers with thirty, twenty-seven, twenty- ;three, twenty, fifteen, ten, and live turns, re-

spectively. After winding-the outer-layers of the two middle sections (those with five turns the ends of the wire are led down and coils on the ends of the primary,for,ming the inner layers of the two outer sections of the secondary, forty turns being taken in each case. On each of these inner layers follow ineach case layers of thirty-five, thirty, twentyseven, twenty-three, twenty, fifteen, ten, and five turns, respectively, j the wire from the outer layer (that with five turns) of the lefthand section being connected to the lefthand side of the condenser c and the lefthand choking-coil k and the wire from the outer layer (that with five turns) of the righthand section being connected directly to the left-hand end of the sensitive tube In Fig. 3, G is a glass tube, an" on it is wound the primary in two layers, there being one hundred and sixty tu-rns'in each layer. The ends of these-'two'coils or layersare con} nected in parallel, one to the aerial conductor and the other to earth. 0n the outericoil of the primary is wound the first or inner coil of the secondary, which is continuous and has one hundred and fifty-three turns. The other layers of the secondary are in two sec tions, the second layers being formed by winding the ends of the wire forming the nner layer upon that layer,.sixty turns being given in the left-hand section and sixty-three in the right-hand section. Theselayers are followed by layers of fifty, forty, thirty-five, thirtythree, thirty, twenty-sev'en, twenty-fen 1', twenty-three, seventeen, fifteen, ten, six, and two turns each in the case of the left-hand section andlpy layers of fifty, forty, thirty-- five, thirty-three,thirt;y, twentyseven, twenty-four, twenty-two, eighteen, fifteen, ten, six, and two turns each in the case (if the right-hand section, the wire from the outer layer (that with two turns) of the left-hand section being connected to the left-hand side of the condenser c andjthe left-hand chokingcoil k and the wire from the outer layer (that with two turns) of the right-hand section beingconnected directly to the left-hand end 'of the sensitive tube j.

This application is a division of myapplication filed June 13,1899, Serial No. 720,355, wherein are made claims covering generically the sulrject-matter specificallyclaimed herein.

The method in which the sections "of the coil are connected is found to be important.

-I claim--- I. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two lay? ers, thesecondary of :whichis wound in sections each consisting of several layers, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the endsof the imperfoot contact and the ends of a the secondary. -2. Ina receiver forelectrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an'induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary. of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, a ca.- pacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

3. In a roceiver for electricaloscillations,

the combination of. an im perfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, theiprimaryof which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two laycrs, the secondary of which-is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the

ends ct the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity con- .nected to one end of the primary,a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

4. -In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it,'an inductioncoil, the primaryof which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary'of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the ends of the secondary leading from the outer layers of twoof the sections, a capacity connected to one endof the'prirnary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends-of the secondary,anda condenser in one of the latter connections.

5. In a receiver forelectricaloscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which consists of'several layers, the number of turns in the'out-er layers beingless than in those-next the primary, a capacity connected to one end of the primary a conductor connected to the other 1 end, and connections between the ends hf the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

6. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the comhinationof an imperfect electrical contact, a localcircuitthrough it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which consists of sev eral layers, the numbers of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary, a capacity connected toone end-of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the endsof the imperfect contact and the ends of the second any, and a condenser in one of the latter con nections.

7'. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of animperfe'ct electrical con; tact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connectedin parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which is wound in sec tions each consisting 'of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in these next the primary,a capacityconnected to one end of the primary, a conductor ers, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the nu mhcr of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primal a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the .ends of the secondary, and a condenser vin one of the latter connections.

9. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical'contact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound-in two layers, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end,'and connections between the ends of .the imperfoot contact and the ends of the secondary.

1 0. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which is woundin-sections each consisting of several layers, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other and, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends ofthe secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

11. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an im perfectelectrical con.- tact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which is wound in sec tions each consisting of several layersf the ends of the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

12. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination'of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the ends of the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of .the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to. the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfectcontact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

13. In a receiver for electrical oscillatio s, the combination of an imperfect? electrical contact, a local circuit through itfan induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connccteddn parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary, the ends of the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity connccted to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connec-.

tions. between the ends of the imperfect contact-and the ends of the secondary.

14. In a receit'er for electrical oscillations, the combinationof an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induc tion-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which is wound in sections each cohsisting of several layers, the numberof turns in the 'outer layers being less than in these next the primary, the ends of the secondary leading from the outer lay ers of two of the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end,-com1ections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections 15. In a receiver for electrical oscillations-,- the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two layers, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in these next the primary and wound unsymmetrically with, a lump at one end, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the .ends of the secondary.

16. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in two lay ers, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary and wound unsymmetrically with a lump at one end, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, aconductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect cont-act and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections, a

17. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect. electrical contact, a localcircuit through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of wires connected in parallel, the secondary of whieh-is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, a capacity connected to one end of the primary,'a conductor-connected to theother end, and connectionsbetween the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

GUGLIELMO MARUONL Witnesses:

J. ERSKINE-MURRAY, R. B. RANSFORD. 

